It is a superb land, a country of Cockaigne, as they say, that I dream of visiting with an old friend. 2023 . These also suggest some accessible resources for further research, especially ones that can be found and purchased via the internet. travel, following the rhythm of the seas, hearts swollen with resentment, and bitter desire, soothing, in the finite waves, our infinities: Some happy to leave a land of infamies, some the horrors of childhood, others whose doom, is to drown in a woman's eyes, their astrologies the tyrannous Circe's dangerous perfumes. Constrained like the apostles, like the wandering Jew, There, all is harmony and beauty,luxury, calm and delight. She was his lover and then, after the mid-1850s, his financial manager too. III We can't expect recompense if there's no footage to show the backers. But really, your views would be ours if you'd been out. Written in direct address, the poem uses the familiar forms of pronouns and verbs, which the French language reserves for children, close family, lovers and long-term friends, and prayer. Is ever running like a madman to find rest! One runs: another hides But when he sets his foot upon our nape We read in the deep oceans of your gaze! Deroy played an important role in Baudelaire's life. Pylades! The suns that bronze them and the frosts that sting A worker would be content when s/he receives their first paycheck, or a widow may feel depressed on the day of their wedding anniversary. This poem, unlike the others has a sense of hope. And who, as a raw recruit dreams of the cannon, Some, joyful at fleeing a wretched fatherland; A champion of Neoclassicism, Charles Baudelaire praised this painting in an article about the movement in the journal Le Corsaire-Satan in 1846. The voyage and his exploits after jumping ship enriched his imagination, and brought a rich mixture of exotic images to his work. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Though precedents can be found in the poetry of the German Friedrich Hlderlin and the French Louis Bertrand, Baudelaire is widely credited as being the first to give "prose poetry" its name since it was he who most flagrantly disobeyed the aesthetic conventions of the verse (or "metrical") method. - Such is the eternal report of the whole world." Not to be turned to reptiles, such men daze To journey without respite over dust and foam Yes, and what else? His prose poetry, so rich in metaphor, would also directly inspire the Surrealists with Andr Breton lauding Baudelaire in Le Surralisme et La Peinture as a champion "of the imagination". According to Hemmings, between 1847 and 1856 things became so bad for the writer that he was, "homeless, cold, starving, and in rags for much of the time". How great the world is in the light of the lamps! "To refresh your heart swim to your Electra!" VI 2023. Thrones studded with luminous jewels; Whom neither ship nor waggon can enable And dream, as raw recruits of shot and shell, Thus the old vagabond, tramping through the mud, I have always loved this poem for its sound in French and for its imagery. We have seen sands and shores and oceans too, Comfort and beauty, calm and bliss. VI As in old times we left for China, - and there are others, who A voice from the dark crow's-nest - wild, fanatic sound But those less dull, the lovers of Dementia, To the depths of the Unknown to find something new!" So concerned were they about their son's predicament, Baudelaire's parents took legal control of his inheritance, restricting him to only a modest monthly stipend. Only to get away: hearts like balloons Have killed him without stirring from their cradle. And pack a bag and board her, - and could not tell you why. Surrender the laughter of fright. Shall I go on? The top and the ball in their bounding waltzes; even asleep In the summer of 1866 Baudelaire, stricken down by paralysis and aphasia, collapsed in the Church of Saint-Loup at Namur. as once to Asian shores we launched our boats, - there's nothing left to do Strange sport! Rocking our infinite on the finite of the seas: Wherever humble people sup by candlelight. That drunken tar, inventor of Americas, Edvard Griegs friendship with Rikard Nordraak, Niels Gade and more, I almost always live at home and go out only in a gondola or carriage, By continuing to browse this site, you are agreeing to the. In swerve and bias. And friend! Baudelaire's mother disapproved of the fact that her son's muse was a poor, racially-blended, actress and his connection with her further tested their already strained relationship. The more beautiful. Request Permissions, Published By: University of Nebraska Press. According to the records of the Muse d'Orsay, since he "considered 'the imagination to be the queen of faculties', Baudelaire could not appreciate Realism". Some happy to escape a tainted country "L'invitation au voyage", Les Fleurs du Mal and cross the oceans without oars or steam - The richest cities, the finest landscapes, The "crude" modern subject matter did not sit well with the Parisian art establishment either. Their heart To hurt someone, get even, - whatever the cause may be, A rebel of near-heroic proportions, Baudelaire gained notoriety and public condemnation for writings that dealt with taboo subjects such as sex, death, homosexuality, depression and addiction, while his personal life was blighted with familial acrimony, ill health, and financial misfortune. Not to be changed to beasts, they have their fling The last stanza presents a landscape, an ideal scene of ships at anchor in canals, ships which have traveled from the ends of the earth to satisfy the whims of the lady. Brothers who think lovely all that comes from afar! - his arms outstretched! Flee the great herd penned in by Destiny, Women with tinted teeth and nails Have quietly killed him, never having stirred from home. And the waves; and we have seen the sands also; 4 Mar. Our soul is a brigantine seeking its Icaria: ", "The more a man cultivates the arts, the less likely is he to have an erection. For those whoever have not read it, this collection of poems, which was printed in four editions from 1857 to 1868, could be paged an elegy to everything that is sickly sweet . Each little island sighted by the look-out man Remains: wriggle from under! In memory's eyes how small the world is! As the title indicates, she is a harem girl who lounges across cushions and colorful sheets in her bedroom in which also hangs a blue brocade curtain in an exotic pattern. Itch to sound slights. And when at last he sets his foot upon our spine, Indeed, urban scenes would not be considered suitable subject matter for serious artists for another decade or so. He had hoped to persuade a Belgium publisher to print his compete works but his fortunes failed to improve and he was left feeling deeply embittered. I Furniture and flowers recall the life of his comfortable childhood, which was taken away by his fathers death. yonder our mates hold beckoning arms toward ours, O Death, my captain, it is time! He started to take a morphine-based tincture (laudanum) which led in turn to an opium dependency. state banquets loaded with hot sauces, blood and trash, What makes her one of the most highly sought after pianists? To flee this infamous retiary; and others Ed. A loping fatter scam that will skin pop us is a day very much past. And desire was always making us more avid! Brothers finding beauty in all things coming from afar! According to author Frederick William John Hemmings, at the time of publication, political public opinion was not in favor of the Revolution and so, "in praising [the painting] Baudelaire was well aware that he was flying in the face of received opinion. A controversial work, it was the subject of much debate when it first debuted at the Paris Salon of 1819. Those whose desires have the form of the clouds, The fool that dotes on far, chimeric lands - Slowly blot out the brand of kisses. how petty in tomorrow's small dry light! As long ago as 1945, Pommier confessed that, at least up to that time, he had not been able to untangle the poem's com plexity (344). leaving the artist to surmise that the incident had "so distressed her" that she wanted to keep the rope "as a horrible and cherished relic" of her son's death. He would not have won himself a name in literature, it is true, but we should have been all three much happier". The travelers to join with are those who want to Our soul's a three-master seeking Icaria; entered shrines peopled by a galaxy - old tree that pasture on pleasure and grow fat, Balls! With his nose in the air, dreams of shining Edens; No less than nine lines begin with d and fourteen with l. Moreover, there is a striking incidence of l, s, and r sounds throughout the poem, forming a whispering undercurrent of sound. It's actually quite upbeat and playful compared to the others in the volume, and it's a welcome change. ", "Any public undeniably has a sense for the truth and a willingness to recognize it; but it is necessary to turn people's faces in the right direction and give them the right push. Like a cruel angel whipping the sun. Thinking that wind and sun and spray that tastes of brine - Delight adds power to desire. come! What we have here would be considered by some to be a love poem. So the old trudging tramp, befouled by muck and mud, gives its old body, when the heaven warms The monotonous and tiny world, today We saw everywhere, without seeking it, I Astrologers who've drowned in Beauty's eyes, [Internet]. Voyage to Cythera Charles Baudelaire - 1821-1867 Free as a bird and joyfully my heart Soared up among the rigging, in and out; Under a cloudless sky the ship rolled on Like an angel drunk with brilliant sun. In 1841, his stepfather had sent him on a voyage to Calcutta, India, in hopes that the young poet would manage to get his worldly habits in order. We know the accents of this ghost by heart; a wave or two - we've also seen some sand; The fourth and fifth lines begin with the same word, aimer (to love). Your hand on the stick, An Eldorado, shouting their belief. And being nowhere can be anywhere! Our hearts which you know well are filled with rays of light Disaster, we were often bored, as we are here. Rest, if you can rest; Baudelaire was just six years old when his father died. Cited by many as the first truly modernist painting, Manet's image captures a "glimpse" of everyday Parisian life as a fashionable crowd gathers in the Gardens to listen to an open-air concert. there women, servile, peacock-tailed, and coarse, Who might as well be wallowing on feather beds and flowers Aimer loisir, Aimer et mourir Au pays qui te ressemble! Charles Baudelaire 1821 (Paris) - 1867 (Paris) Childhood; Life; Love; Melancholy; Nature; . We are enveloped and steeped as though in an atmosphere of the marvellous, but we do not notice it.". Where Man, whose hope is never out of breath, will race Do you hear these voices, alluring and funereal, Men who must run from Circe, or be changed to swine, Let us make ready! Indeed, Deroy introduced Baudelaire to the Caf Tabourey where he was "able to meet and listen to some of the leading art critics of the day". This doubleness permeates Baudelaire's life: debtor and dandy, Janus-faced revolutionary of roiling midcentury Paris. Some tyrannic Circe with dangerous perfumes. O Death, old Captain, it is time. tops and bowls But the true voyagers are only those who leave https://www.poetry.com/poem-analysis/5039/the-voyage, Enter our monthly contest for the chance to, La servante au grand coeur dont vous tiez jalouse (The Great-Hearted Servant of whom you were Jealous), ABCDCDEFECCGCHIEIEJDFDKLCLBMNOILPQPRSRSDTDTUVUVWXESBFPFPYZYZVJ1 2 1 3 M4 M5 6 7 8 9 E6 E6 VP0 PV E R V BCP P R R VI, 0111 1 101011101 010101110 111011001101 00111001101 11011111110 10100010101 1101010010010 100011101 110110111 1010111011 11100101111 011110001 01011011111 01110101110 0111100101 10010111010 1011001111 1011110111 110111100 001101111 11010111100 1111101 1011101101 101010101 1 110110101 01101010011 0100110111 111010101101 1110110101 0010101111101 11110101101 1010111101 10101101101110 011101111 011011001111 111001110111 1100101011 1001001010 0010100111 11001010010 10110111 1101011001 11010010111 101100111100 111110101 1011110010 11010100100110 0100110111 1 0101001100 110111010101 11010111100 11011101 1111001111 101101011101 1000100110101 110010110101 111111 1 1101 01110101 0101010001 1010111101 01110101001 010101011 10110100101 11010110101 01010010111 100100101 111110001 1010111101 01011110010 010111110101 1111011110 1101110111 111010101 101110111111 0110011101 101110010111 1101011100 11111 101001111 1110111001 1111101100 10110101 1001010101 1 0111 1 11 110101110 1000111111 1111010101 010010010101 10111110100 010010110100101 1101011100 1111010001 01001101011 01010110101 010110010010 01011011 1001011101 11010100 111001001 1. January 4, 2017, By Francis Lecompte / Here are the fabulous fruits; look, my boughs bend; Charles Pierre Baudelaire was a French poet who also produced notable work as an essayist, art critic, and pioneering translator of Edgar Allan Poe. He attempted to improve his state of mind (and earn money) by giving readings and lectures, and in April 1864 he left Paris for an extended stay in Brussels. Before they treat you to themselves It contrasts sharply with his current life of a poor poet, who eventually had to go to court to defend against the charge that his collection was in contempt of the laws that safeguard religion and morality. "O childish little brains, ", "To be away from home and yet to feel oneself everywhere at home; to see the world, to be at the centre of the world, and yet to remain hidden from the world - impartial natures which the tongue can but clumsily define. of this enchanted endless afternoon!" Woman, base slave of pride and stupidity, Here we are, leaning to the vessel's roll and pitch, it is here that are gathered Franois died in February 1827, and Baudelaire lived with his mother in a Paris suburb for a period of eighteen months. Than the magazines ever offer. And there are runners, whom no rest betides, On high, What splendid stories ah, and this ghost we know, We highlight the maps to mark lightly traveled roads and The Journey and runners tireless, besides, VIll While wistful longing magnifies their glamour. By: Charles Baudelaire. Baudelaire borrowed the circumstances of this poem from a story that Grard de Nerval had told of his own visit to Greece in his Voyage en Orient (1851; Journey to the Orient, 1972). The Voyage. nothing's enough; no knife goes through the ribs Lulling our infinite on the finite of the seas: They can't even last the night. Singing: "Come this way! It cheers the burning quest that we pursue, VIll What then? Baudelaire transferred to the prestigious Lyce Louis-le-Grand on the family's return to Paris in 1836. A voice resounds on deck: "Open your eyes!" one thing reflect: his horror-haunted eyes! Would make your bankers have dreams of ruination; He captures the mocking elegance of Baudelaire's most ferocious passages, like that in ''A Voyage to Cythera'' in which the poet, sailing close to Aphrodite's mythical island of love, sees not a . The mirroring beads of anecdote and hilarity. Just to be leaving; hearts light, like balloons, What then? to drown in the abyss - heaven or hell, 2002 eNotes.com Who even in their cradles know how to kill it. IV We've been So some old vagabond, in mud who grovels, And skim the seven seas. Adoring herself without laughter or disgust; Enjoy its musical setting by Brville, Loeffler, Rollinat and Debussy, Musicians and Artists: Liszt, Raphael, and Michelangelo, Musicians and Artists: Tru Takemitsu and Cornelia Foss, Tru Takemitsus Final Work: Mori no naka de (In the Woods), Work for flute and guitar inspired by 6 paintings of Paul Klee, Edgar Allan Poe: The Raven and Four Composers, Musical settings by Joseph Holbrooke, Leonard Slatkin and more. We hanker for space. Il reptilian Circe with her junk and wand. The tone is intimate, the outlines gently blurred. cold toughens them, they bronze in the sun's blaze In July 1830, "the People" of Paris embarked on a bloody revolt against the country's dictatorial monarch, King Charles X. Tyrannic Circe with the scent that slays. The glory of sunlight upon the purple sea, How enormous is the world to newly matriculated students we're often deadly bored as you on land. counter Charles Baudelaires poem Le Voyage, in which that poet made a distinction between art and reality. we're on the sands! Next morning they find their masterpiece underexposed. More so than his art criticism and his poetry, his translations would provide Baudelaire with the most reliable source of income throughout his career (his other notable translation came in 1860 through the conversion of the English essayist Thomas De Quincey's "Confessions of an English Opium-Eater"). Like a tender voluptuary wallowing in a feather bed We had to keep on going - that's the way with us. III The two men became personally acquainted in 1862 after Manet had painted a portrait of Baudelaire's (on/off) mistress Jeanne Duval. Things with his family did not improve either. - the voice of her Yesterday, tomorrow, always, shows us our reflections, "On, on, Orestes. All ye that are in trouble! ", "The life of our city is rich in poetic and marvellous subjects. we'd plunge, nor care if it were Heaven nor Hell! Log in here. The essay amounted to a formal and thematic blueprint of the Impressionism movement nearly a decade before that school came to dominate the avant-garde. A hot mad voice from the maintop cries: o soft funereal voices calling thee, Just as in other times we set out for China, eNotes.com, Inc. We've been to see the priests who diet on lost brains Analysis of The Voyage. He was especially enraptured by the paintings of Eugne Delacroix (he soon made the personal acquaintance of the artist who inspired his poem Les Phares) and through him, and through praise for others such as Constantin Guys, Jacques-Louis David and douard Manet he offered a philosophy on painting that prescribed that modern art (if it was to warrant that accolade) should celebrate the "heroism of modern life". Of spacious pleasures, transient, little understood, Bewitched his eye finds a Capua Pour us your poison wine that makes us feel like gods! Wherever a candle lights up a hut. They too were derided. We have seen idols elephantine-snouted, V And costumes that intoxicate the eyes; Damnation! Translated by - Geoffrey Wagner The poets who had written The Silesian Weavers, Reverie, and The Voyage expressed their distinct attitudes . We'll stretch the canvas, prepare the paints and brushes It includes an embedded video of the rock band The Cure performing their 1987 song "How Beautiful You Are," which is an adaptation of Baudelaire's prose poem The Eyes of the Poor. Desert of boredom, an oasis of despair! Oh, this fire so burns our brains, we would Sail and feast your heart - And hard, slave of a slave, and gutter into the drain. Must we depart? ", "Inspiration is decidedly dependent on regular work. Slave to a slave, and sewer to her lust: Must one put him in irons, throw him in the water, There's a ship sailing! Caring about what meets us in the morning is our Protean enemy. November 14, 2017, This video contains a short film adaptation of Charles Baudelaire's poem L'homme et la Mer by German filmmaker Patrick Mller. "We have seen stars and waves. must we depart or stay? No old chateau or shrine besieged by crowds then we can shout exulting: forward now! For kids agitated by model machines, adventures hierarchy and technology Some say Baudelaire was inspired by a journey to India when he wrote this, and that is very possible. See on the canals Those vessels sleeping. For your voracious album, with care, a sketch or two, The poison of power making the despot weak, The torturer's delight, the martyr's sobs, Who in the morning only find a reef. Alphons Diepenbrock: Linvitation au Voyage (Christa Pfeiler, mezzo-soprano; Rudolf Jansen, piano). What are those sweet, funereal voices? Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Translated by - William Aggeler Baudelaire's "Le Voyage' The Dimension of Myth Nicolae Bahuts "Le Voyage," Baudelaire's longest poem, ranks among his most com plex and enigmatic. You who wish to eat "The Invitation to the Voyage - The Poem" Critical Guide to Poetry for Students Of that clear afternoon never by dusk defiled!" Toward which Man, whose hope never grows weary, And the people craving the agonizing whip; Where Man tires not of the mad hope he races One morning we lift anchor, full of brave Charles Baudelaire Overview and Analysis | TheArtStory Art Influencers Charles Baudelaire Charles Baudelaire French Poet, Art Critic, and Translator Born: April 9, 1820 - Paris, France Died: August 31, 1867 - Paris, France Movements and Styles: Impressionism , Neoclassicism , Romanticism , Modernism and Modern Art Charles Baudelaire Summary All climbing up to heaven; Saintliness Structured on a tension between critical writing and the patterns of verse, the prose poems accommodate symbolism, metaphors, incongruities and contradictions and Baudelaire published a selection of 20 prose poems in La Presse in 1862, followed by a further six, titled Le Spleen de Paris, in Le Figaro magazine two years later. We would travel without wind or sail! The autoerotic nightmare tortured to fulfillment Color, in other words, could, if applied with great skill and verve, bring about a higher "poetic" state of bliss in the viewer. Furnished by the domestic bedroom and In spite of a lot of unexpected deaths, Put him in irons - must we? We leave one morning, brains full of flame, Slowly efface the bruise of the kisses. Oil on canvas - Collection of Calouste Gulbenkian Museum, Lisbon, Portugal. Show us your memory's casket, and the glories According to Hemmings, Deroy was angry that his portrait was not being accepted into the Paris Salon of 1846. Here are miraculous fruits! At first read, you may see this romantic notion as a glimpse of heaven, but that's simply not possible when you really look at the words. The poem opens gently, addressing the beloved as My child, my sister. She is invited to dream of the sweetness of another place, to live, to love, and to die in a land which resembles her. Unsold copies of the book were seized and a trial was held on the 20th of August when six of the poems were found to be indecent. Would be a dream of ruin for a banker, Our Pylades stretch arms across the seas, Than the cypress? Streaming from gems made out of stars and rays! - stay here? Of which no human soul the name can tell. The subject of this painting is a boy named Alexandre who had, in Baudelaire's words, an "intemperate taste for sugar and brandy", and was given to bouts of melancholy. Alas, how many there must be The poem is dedicated "To douard Manet" and is written from the artist's perspective. The lady and the destination are described with ambiguity: The suns there are damp and veiled in mist; the ladys eyes are treacherous and shine through tears. . although we peer through telescopes and spars, Manet's landmark painting shows a selection of characters from Parisian bohemian society, and Manet's own family, gathered for an open-air afternoon concert. hides in his ivory-tower of art and dope - as these chance countries gathered from the clouds. O desire, you old tree, your pasture is pleasure, Baudelaire also took an active part in the resistance to the Bonapartist military coup in December 1851 but declared soon after that his involvement in political matters was over and he would, henceforward, devote all his intellectual passions to his writings. In the last years of his life, Baudelaire fell into a deep depression and once more contemplated suicide. This event was a sign of the ambivalent relationship Baudelaire shared with the "stubborn", "misguided" yet "well intentioned" Aupick: "I can't think of schools without a twinge of pain, any more than of the fear my stepfather filled me with. - hell? Man, greedy, lustful, ruthless in cupidity, how vast is the world in the light of a lamp! Their bounding and their waltz; even in our slumber The indulgent reins of government sponsorship/research can quell their excitement. Kill the habit that reinforces slaking off or hanging it out.. Among poems dealing with decadence and eroticism, Linvitation au Voyage lacks the grotesque imageries of the real world. VI from top to bottom of the ladder, and see The painting was so topical it featured a cast of the artist's own family and personal acquaintances including Baudelaire, Theophile Gautier, Henri Fantin-Latour, Jacques Offenbach and Manet's brother Eugene. CNRS News - The French National Center for Scientific Research / To love at leisure, love and die in that land that resembles you! Saying continuously, without knowing why: "Let us go on!" Pass over our spirits, stretched out like canvas, Others, the horrors of their cradles; and a few, and eat my lotus-flowers, here's where they're sold. II We're doing our best to make sure our content is useful, accurate and safe.If by any chance you spot an inappropriate comment while navigating through our website please use this form to let us know, and we'll take care of it shortly. Each little island sighted by the watch at night And Leakey begins his analysis by describing its structure We have everywhere seen, without having sought it, Baudelaire saw himself as the literary equal of the contemporary artist; especially Delacroix with whom he felt a special affinity. Are deep as the sea's self; what stories they withhold! Gathered a few sketches for your greedy album, Prating humanity, drunken with its genius, Show us the streaming gems from the memory chest I hear the rich, sad voices of the Trades VII A successful translation must approximate as much as possible the verbal harmony produced in the original language, with its gentle rhythm and rich rhymes. For space; you know our hearts are full of rays. For me, damp suns in disturbed skies share mysterious charms with your treacherous eyes as they shine through tears. To plunge into a sky of alluring colors. who cares? and dry the sores of their debauchery. Manet wrote to Baudelaire telling him of his despair over Olympia's reception and Baudelaire rallied behind him, though not with soothing platitudes so much as with his own inimitable brand of reassurance: "do you think you are the first man placed in this situation? The Invitation to the Voyage is number 53 in Les Fleurs du mal (Flowers of Evil, 1909), part of the books Spleen and Ideal section. The d'Orsay records how Badelaire referred to Corbet as no more than a "powerful worker" in an August 1855 issue of Le Portefeuille stating further that "the heroic sacrifice that Monsieur Ingres makes for the honour of tradition and Raphaelesque beauty, Courbet accomplishes in the interests of external, positive, immediate nature ". Where Baudelaire used poetry to achieve this affect, Delacroix used color, but both men were leading a charge towards a new - modern - era in art history. On every rung of the ladder, the high as well as the low, ", "There are two ways of becoming famous, by piling up successes year after year, or by bursting on the world in a clap of thunder. Translated by - Lewis Piaget Shanks Charles Baudelaire: Les Fleurs du mal of Charles Baudelaire. David's depiction surely spoke to the radical spirit in Baudelaire. The scented Lotus. IV Pour us your poison to revive our soul! Though these allegations proved unfounded, it is widely accepted that through his interest in Poe (and, indeed, the theorist Joseph de Maistre whose writing he also admired) Baudelaire's own worldview became increasingly misanthropic. No help for others!" "The Invitation to the Voyage - Forms and Devices" Critical Guide to Poetry for Students "My image and my lord, I hate your soul!" marry for money, and love without disgust and trick their vigilant antagonist. His decision to pursue a life as a writer caused further family frictions with his mother recalling: "if Charles had accepted the guidance of his stepfather, his career would have been very different. All things the heart has missed! His enchanted eye discovers a Capua imagination wakes from its drugged dream, Having reached Mauritius, Baudelaire "jumped ship" and, after a short stay there, and then on the island of Reunion, he boarded a homebound ship that docked in France in February 1842. Only when we drink poison are we well - An initial pair of rhyming five-syllable lines is followed by a seven-syllable line, another rhyming couplet of five-syllable lines, then a seven-syllable line which rhymes with the preceding seven-syllable line. His mother tried periodically to return to her son's good graces but she was unable to accept that he was still, despite his obsession with the society courtesan Apollonie Sabaier (a new muse to whom he addressed several poems) and, later still, a passing affair with the actress Marie Daubrun, involved with his mistress Jeanne Duval.